La culotte à pont / Breeches
La culotte à pont, pantalon du XVIIIe siècle / Breeches, 18th Century pants
Date de première publication: 29 juin 2020 / Date of first publication: June 29, 2020
Culotte à pont / Breeches, 1760-1770, Victoria & Albert museum |
La culotte est un des éléments du vestiaire masculin que l’on a pu observer à travers l’Histoire.
Petit historique et évolution Brief history and evolution
La culotte est l’une des évolutions de ce qui servait de pantalons aux hommes.
Breeches are one of the evolutions of what used to be pants for men.
Les braies The braies
De la période gauloise au XVe siècle, ce sont les braies qui couvraient le bas du corps des hommes. Les braies étaient des sortes de pantalons ou caleçons plus ou moins longs (leur longueur descendant jusqu’aux chevilles ou couvrant les hanches) suivant la période.
From the Gallic period to the 15th Century, it was the braies which covered the lower body of men. The braies were kinds of pants or shorts, more or less long (their length going down to the ankles or covering the hips) depending on the period.
Les chausses The hose
Gradually, as the braies became shorter, they were supplemented by the hose. There was one hose per leg. Unlike the braies, the hose was adjusted and went up to the crotch at the top of the crotch and were attached to the belt holding the braies (brayer). In the 14th Century, the hose were brought together.
La Danse de la Mariée en Plein Air, Pieter Brughel l'Ancien, 1566 |
Et au XVIe siècle on sépara la partie supérieure de la partie inférieure des chausses. On obtint ainsi les hauts-de-chausses qui recouvrent les cuisses et les bas-de-chausses qui vêtent le bas des jambes. (Le mot bas-de-chausses fut plus tard abrégé pour donner le terme de bas qui nous est resté)
And in the 16th Century the upper part was separated from the lower part of the hose. We thus obtained the trunkhose or hose which cover the thighs and the mail stockings which clothe the lower legs. (The word mail stockings were later abbreviated to give the term stockings that we have left)
Les hauts-de-chausses The trunkhose or hose
Tandis que la forme des bas-de-chausses a peu évolué, il y eût diverses évolutions des hauts-de-chausses du XVIe siècle à la fin du XVIIe siècle avec parfois des noms spécifiques.
The name of breeches succeeded that of hose at the end of the 17th Century.
La culotte
évolua jusqu’à l’apparition de la culotte à pont au XVIIIe
siècle.
The breeches evolved until the appearance of the breeches with falls in the 18th Century.
La culotte à pont Breeches or breeches with falls
La culotte à pont se fermait sur le devant, parfois avec l’ancêtre de la braguette, mais le plus souvent avec ce que l’on appelait un pont. Le pont est un pan de tissu qui se rabat sur le devant et est maintenu par des boutons qui étaient le plus souvent recouverts de tissu. Il existait deux types de pont : le grand pont et le petit pont.
The breeches closed at the front, sometimes with the ancestor of the fly, but more often with what was called falls. The falls are a piece of fabric that folds down over the front and is held in place by buttons that were most often covered with fabric. There were two types of falls: the full falls and the half falls.
The full falls, once opened, folded down entirely on the front and was kept closed at the sides by buttons attached to the belt.
Culotte à pont en soie / Silk full fall breeches, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1710 |
Le "petit pont" The “half falls”
Le petit pont est en quelque sorte une forme raccourcie du grand pont. En effet, deux fentes sont pratiquées sur l’avant de la culotte auxquelles on ajoute des pattes pour renforcer la couture et où l’on coud les boutonnières pour fermer le petit pont. (La largeur du petit pont correspond à peu près à l’écart du buste) De l’autre côté des fentes sont cousues deux pièces permettant de camoufler l’ouverture du pont.
The half falls are in a way a shortened form of the full falls. In fact, two slits are made on the front of the pants to which tabs are added to reinforce the seam and where the buttonholes are sewn to close the half falls. (The width of the half falls roughly correspond to the distance from the bust) On the other side of the slots are sewn two pieces to camouflage the opening of the falls.
- The breeches had several pockets of different sizes. Some of them had up to eight.
- La culotte à pont
s’arrêtait aux genoux où elles étaient maintenues par des jarretières en tissu
ou en ruban et/ou des boutons.
- The breeches stopped at the knees where they were held in place by fabric or ribbon garters and/or buttons.
Détail fermeture au genou / Knee closure detail, Victoria & Albert Museum |
- It’s very wide at the back, which gives it a baggy effect (or others would say "diaper"). (Personal observation: I had done one during my costume studies and I didn’t realize it. When I started wanting to offer you, so I proceeded in the way I knew, or some of you have reported to me that they were astonished by the magnitude obtained. I didn’t have the information and knowledge that I have now, so I wondered for a while if I was wrong during the patterning stage. Or not at all! 😊 I therefore offer you on my shop the choice between the form of historicalinspiration with the original scale and a contemporary shape with a cut similar to the original, but more close to the body, as well as a version with historical finishes)
After researching, I learned that this excess fabric was necessary for riding. (I wonder if it was more practical to be able to move for workers or peasants?)
- Dans la majorité des exemples que j’ai trouvé, les culottes à pont étaient doublées de tissu (un tissu plus "commun" et résistant que celui visible en lin ou en coton le plus souvent)
Commentaires
Enregistrer un commentaire